Ubuntu 设置国内镜像源
作者：ICai
发布时间：2024-06-07
分类：服务器运维
00. 简介
Ubuntu 作为广泛使用的 Linux 发行版，其默认的镜像源可能因为地理位置和网络问题导致下载速度缓慢。本文将指导用户如何根据自己所在的地理位置，选择并设置最适合的国内镜像源。
02. 查询版本
使用命令 lsb_release -a 查询自己的系统版本号。
icai@CSJMOVE:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy
icai@CSJMOVE:~$
注意：Codename（发行版代号）非常重要。Ubuntu 的每个发行版都拥有一个独特的代号，开发代号需要与镜像源配置对应。
03. 镜像源（阿里云）
（1）Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (trusty) (EOL)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
（2）Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial) (EOL)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
（3）Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (bionic)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
（4）Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
（5）Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (jammy)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
（6）Ubuntu 23.04 (lunar)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
（7）Ubuntu 24.04 (noble)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
04. 设置方法
（1）备份
建议在修改前备份原有的源列表文件。
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.back
（2）编辑
使用 vim 或其他编辑器打开源列表文件。
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
将文件内容替换为对应版本的镜像源配置。
（3）更新
保存文件后，更新软件包列表并升级系统。
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
05. 其他镜像源
除了阿里云，国内还有其他优秀的镜像源，例如清华大学开源软件镜像站。